Performance Appraisal Research Proposal Essays and Term Papers

The Impact of Workplace Absenteeism on Organizational Performance Introduction Many associations perceived the employees’ exhibitions. Exhibitions expected originating from the workers are influenced by their cooperation and being available in their jobs and obligations. Be that as it may, oversees are compelled to locate a perfect cure in the routine lateness or non-attendance of the workers. This is on the grounds that, the associations understood an unrewarding venture if there is any unscheduled absents.Furthermore, there is a decrease of the all out efficiency of the labor that may influence the whole activity of the business. Foundation of study Absenteeism is the aftereffect of the diverse worker practices. The vast majority of the laborers are encountering high pressure or inappropriately remunerated that reflects in their unlucky deficiencies (McLaughlin Young Group, 2007). Articulation of the issue The expense of non-attendance is more noteworthy when lost profitabil ity, transitory work and disappointed clients are considered.Almost all the representatives have their unlucky deficiencies in excess of five times each year and are originating from various divisions (McLean, 2005). The developing quantities of representatives having similar issues on participation will shows in their capacity to contribute in the all out development of their own profession and in the association. Pioneers accept that on the off chance that they didn't make a noteworthy answer for this issue, an ever increasing number of representatives will do likewise as it is turned out to be a piece of theorganizational culture. Notwithstanding, what are the genuine effects of working environment non-attendance on the authoritative performance?Literature Review Absenteeism happens when the representatives are absent grinding away when they are planned to be there. It tends to be separated into willful or automatic truancy. Automatic nonattendance is seen to be past the employee ’s quick control; real reasons like individual ailment, mishaps or family crises. Intentional nonappearance is under the immediate control of the representative which can regularly be followed back to different factors, for example, a poor workplace, work disappointment and other issues.If such unlucky deficiencies become unreasonable, they can have a truly antagonistic effect on a company’s activities and, at last, its benefit (Pillay, 2009). From the past reviews, the specialists found that non-appearance results regularly from wellbeing and individual reasons, however the truth of the matter is that just about 33% of nonappearances are brought about by close to home ailment. The review shows that the greater part of unscheduled unlucky deficiencies are legitimized by family issues, individual needs, stress and a privilege mindset (McLean, 2005).If the entirety of the reasons in the nonappearances of the representatives are on thehealth issues, thusly, the truancy ca n be connected in the pressure they assembled in the working environment. The word related pressure is one of the most noteworthy working environment wellbeing dangers. The drawn out introduction of a representative to certainjob requests can prompt an assortment of neurotic results that can be both short-and long haul impacts on their enthusiastic wellbeing, for example, passionate misery, sorrow and tension. Different representatives may encounter the different challenges in family, money related, or physical health.All of the business related anxieties or issues that the workers can experience may bring about their participation. The negative impacts of the expansion in representative nonattendance are their terrible showings (McLaughlin Young Group, 2007). Destinations of the examination The point of the investigation is to recognize the presence of truancy that can draw a connection towards its effect on the association and the employee’s execution. So as to accomplish t his point, there are three destinations that ought to be considered.First is to recognize the reason for the work environment non-attendance. Second is to discover the normal kind of working environment non-appearance. Third is to assess the costs that natural in the working environment non-attendance and how they sway on the hierarchical exhibition. What's more, fourth is to build up the system for controling the working environment non-appearance. Philosophy The proposed strategy that can be use in the investigation is the utilization of overview and meeting. In the primary period of the investigation, the review will be directed on the workers using questionnaires.The material is in a Likert Scale structure in which gives the subtleties to the analyst/s on the impression of the representatives on truancy and their conduct in their attendances. On the second piece of the investigation, the meeting will be directed on the administrators as well as chiefs, and even the HR director, who can evaluate the conduct of the workers in their participation and execution. Through the meeting, the analyst/s can break down the suitable activities for the representatives who are making the patterns of truancy and perceive the viability of their system to decrease the non-appearance in their work environment.

Admirable or Significant Person †Scholarship Essay

Splendid or Significant Person †Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers Select an individual you respect or a noteworthy beneficial encounter. How has this individual or experience influenced you? Running in a line, bunched unevenly together, my group came up short on the storage space with an explosion of vitality as the group gradually recognized our appearance on to the court. I looked around to see who may be watching this foreseen success, and to search for my mothers face up in the stands. I apprehensively trusted that the ball will finish my first lay-up of the night, to slide my way into the game air. My dread of getting injured again spooky my psyche, and the dread was influencing my athletic presentation. The idea of hyper-extending my lower leg again cooled my body with anxiety. It truly hurt me as a player not having the option to play the game I cherished. I realized that the main activity was to remain solid and cheer for my colleagues. The game had started and my group had the ball. I watched my partners hustle around the court and search for an open shot. Scrambling for time and an open player, the young ladies attempted to monitor the ball. In the end, a point was scored and the other group brought the ball out. I can in any case rooted for my companion, after her fifteen-foot hop shot. I shouted all the more reassuring words to my colleagues trusting that my mentor would by one way or another notification my endeavors. I jumped up out of my seat to recognize an incredible take by another cooperative person, and I looked with energy in tension for her to score. I watched and cheered all through the entire game. I at long last heard my name called, Trace! said Coach Hanover; and she gave me my bearings. I persistently hung tight for a too far out ball to come with the goal that I could jump on the court. The bell rang, and the official motioned for me to come in to supplant one of my colleagues. My mother cheered quickly on the grounds that she realized my playing time was at the very least, and she knew how significant getting a couple of moments of playing time was to me. I recall particularly that I raced to one side of the court and set in position for a corner shot. I appeared to have consummated this shot while being out a result of my beat up, wounded lower leg. I made eye reached with my partner, and the ball was passed to me. Anxiously I snatched it and made the effort. Wash. My initial two purposes of the period were scored! From that second on I cannot recollect very what occurred. In spite of the fact that in the event that I could return so as to the inclination I had when my group came together to salute me, I would hyper-extend my lower leg once more. Being ready to show my capacity falling off from a physical issue was mind boggling. That shot I made was the enthusiastic discharge I had been hanging tight for. I wont overlook the inclination I had when my mentor grinned at me and revealed to me how well I did. I cannot envision my existence without the experience of sitting the seat because of wounds for an entire season. I most unquestionably turned into a more grounded individual, and I many individuals asked me for what reason I didnt simply quit. I disclosed to them that stopping was not my strong point, and I was unable to stop on something for which I had such an energy. I disclosed to them that despite the fact that I may not be on the track to turning into an expert ball player, I was resolved that I could never stop for something so senseless as insufficient playing time. I discovered that a group isn't a group without consolation from each partner. I likewise discovered that despite the fact that life isn't in every case loaded with what you need, it doesn't generally mean you ought to stop. I believe that my determination for issues encompassing my life have unquestionably been placed into viewpoint. When I set my focus on something, there is no preventing me from accomplishing that objective. On the off chance that I fizzle than I will simply need to attempt, attempt, and attempt once more. Research Papers on Admirable or Significant Person - Scholarship EssayThe Hockey GameTrailblazing by Eric AndersonThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL examination of IndiaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Free Essays on 1984

pop1984 versus Exciting modern lifestyle By: Laura F In Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley’s Brave New World, the legitimate figures make progress toward opportunity, harmony, and soundness for all, to build up an idealistic culture. The Utopian culture takes a stab at an ideal condition of prosperity for all people in the network, and over-underscores this factor, where no individual is presented to the truth of the world. As every novel advances we see that neither society has family esteems nor endeavors to rehearse them. Nor are energetic nor imaginative in variables, for example, love, language, history and writing. Our general public today, when all is said in done, is uncertain about the future: The bad dream of absolute association has risen up out of the protected, remote future and is currently anticipating us, just around the following corner. It follows relentlessly from having such a large number of individuals. This statements speaks to Watts’ dread for the future; George Orwell and Aldous Huxle y both investigate the future condition of human advancement in their books. The two of them caution us of the perils of an authoritarian culture. The two books express an idealistic perfect, inspect characters that are constrained into this state and are constrained to managing this general public and all the principles in question. The difficulty of the idealistic perfect is investigated in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley’s Brave New World. The two creators recommend that an absence of familial bonds, the restraint of human uniqueness, and the constraint of imaginative and innovative undertakings so as to accomplish a steady situation renders the accomplishment of an ideal state unreasonable. The absence of familial bonds, in the two books, adds to the improvement of a tragic culture. This absence of familial bonds is obvious through hereditary designing, the utilization of names, and a usually utilized medication, soma. One of the first mentionings of famil y in Brave New World is the point at which the fundamental character, Bernard, asks the Controller, a definitive pioneer, about the past and why their general public doe... Free Essays on 1984 Free Essays on 1984 George Orwell’s 1984: Good Totalitarian Government 1984 is a book about George Orwell’s most profound darkest dread of a legislature with command over very part of society, including people’s contemplations and all out power over their lives. I contend that Totalitarian government is appeared as a positive government through the novel 1984. In 1984 George Orwell depicts a character named Big Brother, who is in absolute control of his nation Oceania. One way Orwell depicts positive authoritarian government through Big Brother is that there are banners of Big Brother all through the city of London. These Posters are a positive picture of a positive chief. These banners of Big Brother are utilized all through the novel to ensure that the residents can really observe the substance of their pioneer; in a positive way. Another way Big Brother speaks to positive authoritarian government is the way that sice the residents need to settle on no choices. They need to settle on no choices, so all pressure and tension over dynamic i s expelled from their lives, this makes their lives generally simple. At long last the way that Big Brother controls everything implies that there is no wrongdoing, on the grounds that no resident can consider perpetrating a wrongdoing. â€Å"Totalitarianism is a cutting edge imperious government in which the state includes itself in all aspects of society, including the every day life of its residents. An authoritarian government tries to control all monetary and political issues as well as the perspectives, qualities, and convictions of its populace, deleting the qualification among state and society. The citizen’s obligation to the state turns into the essential worry of the network, and the objective of the state is the supplanting of existing society with an ideal society† (Columbia Encyclopedia/Totalitarianism). In 1984 there are banners of Big Brother posted up all over the place, so Big Brother can be depicted in a positive manner. In section one as the character Winston smith is first intr... Free Essays on 1984 pop1984 versus Exciting modern lifestyle By: Laura F In Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley’s Brave New World, the legitimate figures take a stab at opportunity, harmony, and steadiness for all, to build up an idealistic culture. The Utopian culture makes progress toward an ideal condition of prosperity for all people in the network, and over-underscores this factor, where no individual is presented to the truth of the world. As every novel advances we see that neither society has family esteems nor endeavors to rehearse them. Nor are energetic nor imaginative in components, for example, love, language, history and writing. Our general public today, when all is said in done, is uncertain about the future: The bad dream of all out association has risen up out of the protected, remote future and is currently anticipating us, just around the following corner. It follows inflexibly from having such huge numbers of individuals. This statements speaks to Watts’ dread for the future; George Orwell and Aldous Huxley b oth investigate the future condition of human progress in their books. The two of them caution us of the threats of an authoritarian culture. The two books express an idealistic perfect, inspect characters that are constrained into this state and are constrained to managing this general public and all the guidelines in question. The difficulty of the idealistic perfect is investigated in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Huxley’s Brave New World. The two creators recommend that an absence of familial bonds, the constraint of human distinction, and the restraint of aesthetic and imaginative undertakings so as to accomplish a steady domain renders the accomplishment of an ideal state unreasonable. The absence of familial bonds, in the two books, adds to the advancement of a tragic culture. This absence of familial bonds is obvious through hereditary designing, the utilization of names, and a usually utilized medication, soma. One of the first mentionings of family in Bra ve New World is the point at which the primary character, Bernard, asks the Controller, a definitive pioneer, about the past and why their general public doe... Free Essays on 1984 1984 by George Orwell (1903 - 1950) Kind of Work: Cutting edge, preventative novel Setting London, in the legendary nation of Oceania; 1984 (later on) Chief Characters Winston Smith, a dissident against society Julia, his darling Mr. Charrington, an old antique retailer O'Brien, the main individual from the Inner Party Winston trusts Story Overview As Winston Smith entered his high rise, he passed a natural banner. It was one of those photos which are imagined to such an extent that the eyes tail you about when you move. Elder sibling IS WATCHING YOU, the inscription underneath it ran. Then Winston made the way for his level to be welcomed by a voice on his telescreen - a gadget he could diminish, however never shut off totally. Telescreens communicated government purposeful publicity and filled in as the eyes and ears of the Thought Police, who investigated everybody for any conceivable deviation from adequate idea or activity. In the level was a small recess simply far out from the telescreen's vision. Winston plunked down to write in his journal, a demonstration that was not authoritatively illicit however whenever distinguished it was sensibly sure that it would be rebuffed by death . . . While he sat composing, an ongoing memory blended in his brain; the Two Minutes Hate, an administration supported work break in which each specialist at the Ministry of Truth was required to partake, had comprised that day of a recess when everybody seethed and shouted as the telescreen on the other hand flashed pictures of adversary Eurasian warriors and Goldstein, a loathed trickster. That morning, Winston had seen a strong looking young lady of around twenty-six who worked in the Fiction Department. This specific young lady - wearing the brilliant red band of the official enemy of sex group - gave him the impression of being more hazardous than most, and Winston had that terrifying inclination that she was watching him. A couple of days after the fact, Winston strolled through the average workers prole neighborhood to the... Free Essays on 1984 In 1948 Eric Blair, otherwise called George Orwell, composed a book with chilling experiences into the future, 1984. This book did a lot on the proficient world. Individuals who have perused this book have had blended responses, from dread to disdain of our legislative framework. In any case, 1984 went back and forth, and no indications of the stories told in the book were acknowledged by the mass- populace. There is no Ingsoc, there are no helicopters investigating windows. A great many people have discounted this book as a great sci-fi work. In any case, this book ought NOT be discounted, for it has been acknowledged, and is far more regrettable and that's just the beginning unpretentious than Orwell would ever have envisioned. Present day innovation is incredible, anyway in an inappropriate hands it very well may be a hazardous weapon of mass decimation, and more awful yet, mass control. In 1984 Orwell demonstrated a world in which the individuals are heavily influenced by the administration through reconnaissance. Thought Police watch the individuals through telescreens, amplifiers and helicopters. Numerous individuals don't accept this will come genuine in light of the fact that they don't see it occurring. Nonetheless, on the off chance that you take a gander at the present condition of innovation you will handily observe that it is being utilized, and that it is simpler than any time in recent memory. Numerous privately owned businesses are utilizing these frameworks to watch both their property and their workers. Observation gadgets have become so little that it is presently conceivable to make a camera and an amplifier fit into a little opening in the divider. A few organizations are selling cameras masked as smoke alarms. Police as a matter of fact utilize little receivers as 'wires' to get admissions in covert tasks. It is altogether possible that the administration could be watching us now. Maybe, however just from a more minor perspective. The Web is the freshest popular expression going around, and with it comes new contentions over online reconnaissance. The people observing likely would not go legitimately into yo

BOOK Report ---the Death Of Ivan Ilyitch Example

BOOK Report BOOK Report The Death of Ivan Ilyitc Hypocrisy and misleading are a lifestyle among the individuals around Ivan. More terrible yet, most peopleare mindful of it yet decide to overlook it. As Ivan develops turns out to be sick, the deception around him upsets him as much as his ailment. Tolstoy depicts the general public as childish and covetous individuals who couldn't care less for genuine human connections. He proposes that insatiability makes obstructions to legitimate living.Peters crossing-bowing route after entering the demise chamber portrays lip service. Praskovya welcomed Peter into her drawing room. This was not for joint solace. It was to discover how she could use her husband’s benefits. The knickknacks and furniture propose deterrents to correspondence. Praskovyas shawl, caught by the radiant table edge, is as an assault on the useless society life.Peter and Fedor were Ivan’s companions, yet when they heard he is dead, their solitary concern was their own advancements (Tolstoy 18). Fedor didn't try to go to Ivans administration, and Peter just went from a feeling of impulse. Schwartz is the most tricky character. While Peter got very influenced by Ivans passing at the administration, Schwartz is completely unaffected.Ivans widow is likewise bogus. Together with Peter, they experience grieving exercises. They do things since it is right than in light of the fact that they feel any despondency for Ivan. Doing what is fitting causes them to feel better for themselves (Tolstoy 29). Gerasim gives off an impression of being the main legit individual in Ivan’s world. He is the one in particular who sees that Ivan is kicking the bucket and can console him. He comprehends that Ivan experiences dread of death and gives him sympathy. Gerasim is earnest since he mindful of his definitive demise in a way no other individual is. He realizes that he will bite the dust, as Ivan is biting the dust now (Tolstoy 33).Though Ivans condition is demoralizing, th e specialist despite everything isn't unguarded with him. The specialist doesn't disclose to Ivan that he is kicking the bucket. Ivan perceives this and relates the lying specialist with the basic class. This got seen as an affirmation that his work life was bogus. Ivan reasons that maybe his work life, family life, kinships, and everything else was false.Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 2004.

Big Data How to Manage Hadoop

Big Data How to Manage Hadoop In the era of Big Data, IT managers need robust and scalable solutions that allow them to process, sort, and store Big Data. This is a tall order, given the complexity and scope of available data in the Digital Era. However, several solutions exist, though perhaps none more popular than Apache Hadoop (“Hadoop for short”).If you do not work in IT, and/or do not keep up-to-date with the latest in IT trends, you may not have heard of Hadoop; but the open source framework is used by firms ranging from social networking sites like Facebook to phone companies like ATT to energy companies like Chevron. These firms must not only store and process the data from both their internal operations and a wide variety of other sources; they must be able to leverage that data in order to develop a strong competitive advantage. And while leveraging Big Data requires vision, firm-wide buy-in, and skilled personnel, Hadoop provides arguably the most robust and versatile technical solution to a firm†™s Big Data needs. © Shutterstock.com | is am areIn this article, we will cover 1) what is Hadoop,  2) the components of Hadoop,  3) how Hadoop works,  4) deploying Hadoop,  5) managing Hadoop deployments,  and 6) an overview of common Hadoop products and services for Big Data management,  as well as 7) a brief glossary of Hadoop-related terms.WHAT IS HADOOP?Hadoop is an open-source big-data management framework, developed by the Apache Software Foundation, written in Java. Hadoop is a cross-platform distributed file system that allows individuals and organizations to store and process Big Data on commodity hardware â€" computing components used for optimized parallel computing. Doug Cutting (then a Yahoo software engineer) and Mike Carafella created Hadoop in 2005 to support Nutch, an open-source search engine. Hadoop is scalable and allows for the processing of both a large volume and a wide variety of datatypes and dataflows.Hadoop is a file system, not, as often thought, a database management solu tion as it lacks certain traditional database features. Indeed, many relational databases provide a wealth of business intelligence applications that the base package lacks. Hadoop’s core benefits lie in its abilities to store and process large volumes of diverse data (both structured and unstructured), and provide end-users with advanced analytical tools, such as machine learning and mathematical modeling, which can be applied to the data that Hadoop stores and processes. COMPONENTS OF HADOOPWhen one speaks of Hadoop, they are usually speaking about the Hadoop ecosystem, which includes a base package, as well as a variety of other software products that can be used in conjunction with the base package. The base package itself is composed of four modules:Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): This distributed file system is where the data is stored within the Hadoop framework.Hadoop YARN: This module provides a framework for both cluster resource management and job scheduling.Hado op MapReduce: Using YARN, this Java-based module allows for the parallel processing of large data sets.Hadoop Common: This consists of utilities that support the other three modules.Beyond the base package, there are many other software packages, collectively comprising the Hadoop ecosystem. These include:Apache Pig â€" a programming platform for creating MapReduce programs;Apache Spark â€" an open-source cluster computing framework; andApache Hbase â€" a non-relational distributed database designed to store large quantities of sparse data, among others.Hadoop is also modular and allows IT personnel to replace different components for different software applications, depending on the deployment and the desired functionality.HOW HADOOP WORKSFundamentally, HDFS ingests data through batch and/or interactive data processing. As a distributed file system, all data and the MapReduce system are housed on every machine in a Hadoop cluster, which creates redundancy and increased processing s peed. In a Hadoop cluster, a single machine is designated as a NameNode while others are designated as DataNodes: these track where data is stored throughout the cluster. HDFS duplicates the data on each machine. The more machines added, the more space is gained. Further, multiple machines, each containing DataNodes, mitigates against the failure of any single component of the cluster.MapReduce is used to process the data, and it does so through two components, a JobTracker in the MasterNode in a Hadoop cluster, and the TaskTrackers on the DataNodes. The JobTracker splits a computing job into its component parts and distributes them to the TaskTrackers on the machines to carry out the components. The data is then returned, or reduced, to the central node. In addition to the space, the more machines added, the more processing power is gained.YARN, which stands for “Yet Another Resource Negotiator” packages MapReduce’s CPU and memory resource management functionality, allowing t hem to be run by other engines, and allowing one to run multiple applications in Hadoop.Further, the architecture and features of the base package allow for rebalancing data on multiple nodes, allocation of storage and task scheduling based on node location, versioning of the HDFS, and high availability. It is designed to be cost-effective, flexible and scalable as well as fault-tolerant.IMPLEMENTING HADOOPFor IT managers, Hadoop deployment involves configuring, deploying and managing a Hadoop cluster. This assumes that the firm has the in-house talent, or resources to recruit and retain the in-house talent to do so. Assuming the firm has neither, there are firms that specialize in outsourcing and insourcing this function; though long-term, it remains to be seen whether one can commoditize the innovation, creativity of firm-specific insights that can come from in-house talent.If the firm does decide to deploy Hadoop and manage its data itself, it must ask the same questions necessit ated by any Big Data deployment â€" questions requiring cross-departmental and cross-functional teams to answer them. These include:What the overall goals for Big Data integration at the firm are;How the use of Big Data will be aligned with the firm’s strategic business objectives;What the firm’s overall data needs are, based on existing and needed data infrastructure;What processes and procedures will be implemented to ensure that the firm’s goals and the data science unit achieve their organizational goals;What human resources are needed; andWhat technical resources are needed, among others.The firm must determine whether they will use a managed service provider or deploy it on-premises. The benefits of integrating Hadoop into business operations through a managed service provider are many, and include backup/recovery, automated upgrades, data security tools, technical support, automated configuration and provisioning, query analysis tools, data visualization tools, and test ing environments, among others. In essence, managed service providers allow firms to focus on the data analysis aspects of Big Data without the necessity of managing a Hadoop environment. However, the firm must have a solid plan for managing data inflows and outflows to and from the managed service provider, as well as the analytics; both will require human capital and training resources.If the usage of Hadoop is likely to be sporadic or low volume, then a cloud deployment makes sense, from both a cost and human capital perspective. If, however, there is regular high volume usage, and the firm envisions the need for rapid scaling, then an on-premises install is recommended. In such an instance, usage would likely drive the costs of using the managed service provider up. Further, firms with on-premises installations may find it easier to innovate and enter new markets, especially in data-intensive industries. For example, an entertainment website with a branded social network, may de cide to start selling branded merchandise through an online storefront. An on-premises installation may allow the firm to scale its new data collection needs more rapidly, and less expensively, then a firm using a managed services provider. Moreover, depending on the Internet of Things â€" the connection of both objects and living organisms through embedded computing technologies, affects a firm’s existing operations, and/or is harnessed to create new opportunities, the rapid scaling of data available throughout on-premises deployments may be the best option.From a technical perspective, the firm must consider the design and architecture of the Hadoop cluster for an on-premises deployment. This starts with setting up and configuring a cluster, on which Hadoop will be installed. This must be carefully thought-out in terms of: choice of operating system; the number of map/reduce slots needed; memory and storage requirements; the number of hard drive disks and their capacity; and the optimal network configuration. These must be chosen with scalability in mind. The cluster install must be evaluated and tested before Hadoop installation. Once it is installed, IT managers also must consider which Hadoop applications to deploy and/or develop to meet the firm’s specific data needs, and map out a plan to obtain or create them.From a human resources perspective, an on-premises deployment includes the personnel to deploy and maintain the Hadoop cluster, as well as the data scientists (either in a standalone data science department, dispersed throughout strategic business units, or a combination of the two), and other staff who will serve as end-users. From an implementation perspective, it is recommended to hire a consultant/consulting firm to design the architecture and assist in the deployment due to the complexity of enterprise-level Hadoop implementations, and the paucity of professionals versed in the latest Hadoop-specific technologies and products. And from a process standpoint, IT managers must work with department heads to determine what legacy systems should be phased out as well as training for end-users.MANAGING HADOOPOnce deployed, firms must ensure that the environment operates with low latency, processes dynamic data in real-time and supports both data parallelism and high computing intensity. The deployment must be able to handle analytics tasks that place a high demand on computing resources without failure or necessitating further customization/server space, and the attendant loss of data center space and financial resources. Instead, IT managers must use Hadoop’s framework to improve server utilization and ensure load balancing. They must also optimize data ingestion to ensure the integrity of the data; and perform regular maintenance on the various nodes throughout the cluster, replacing and upgrading nodes and operating systems when necessary, to minimize the effects of drive failures, overheating servers, obsolete techno logies, and other developments that can create service interruptions. When scaling the firm’s Hadoop deployment, they should use open source frameworks to ensure flexibility, compatibility, and innovative approaches to common data processing and storage problems. Of course, they also must ensure that common business analytics programs such as SAS and Revolution R can easily pull data from Hadoop for the use of internal data scientists, with minimal service interruptions.Further, IT managers, whether utilizing an on-premises deployment or a managed services provider, must ensure the security of the data. Many managed service providers, such as Cloudera, offer security options like Project Rhino and Sentry, now both open source Hadoop security initiatives. Like Cloudera’s Cloudera Navigator, some other managed service providers offer governance solutions to ensure legal compliance. Given the volumes of data and prevalence of hackers, viruses, and other security threats, this is on e responsibility that cannot be taken too lightly.HADOOP PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR BIG DATA MANAGEMENTIt is important to note that while Hadoop is open source, it is not free. Deployment, customization and optimization can drive up costs. However, since it is open source, any firm can offer Hadoop-based products and services. The firms offering the most robust releases of Hadoop-based services for Big Data management include Amazon Web Services, and Cloudera, Hortonworks, with Cloudera (which counts Doug Cutting as an employee) arguably being the most popular. Hortonworks is also well-known for counting many former Hadoop experts who formerly worked at Yahoo â€" a heavy Hadoop user.The Apache Foundation offers many open source packages that can be appended to a Hadoop installation. Further, many third-party business intelligence providers, like SAP AG, SAS, IBM, and Oracle provide support for Hadoop implementations, regardless of the managed service provider.GLOSSARY OF HADOOP-RELAT ED TERMSThe following are a few of the terms critical to understanding how Hadoop can be deployed at a firm to harness its data.Commodity computing: this refers to the optimization of computing components to maximize computation and minimize cost, and is usually performed with computing systems utilizing open standards. This is also known as cluster commodity computing.DataNode: this is what stores data in Hadoop. In a Hadoop cluster, there are multiple dataNodes with replicated data in each.Database management system: a system that allows a user to order, store, retrieve and manipulate data from a database. HDFS is commonly referred to as a database management system when in reality it is a file systemELT (Extract, Load and Transform): an acronym describing the processes, in order, which comprise a data manipulation method before data is uploaded into a file system or a database management system.File system: a directory-based system that controls how data is stored and retrieved.H adoop cluster: this is a computational cluster designed to store, process and analyze large volumes of unstructured data in a distributed computing environment.Hive: An Hadoop-based open source data warehouse that provides many relational database features, such as querying and analysis. Hive uses a programming language similar to SQL, called HiveQL.HUE: a browser-based interface for Hadoop end-users.JobTracker: this is a service that distributes MapReduce subtasks to specific nodes, once a client application has submitted a job.NameNode: the repository of the directory tree of all files in the HDFS, that also tracks where data is kept throughout the Hadoop cluster.Parallel processing: the concurrent use of one or more CPUs to run a program, which increases computing speed.Pig: a programming language used to create MapReduce programs in Hadoop.Unstructured data: data that lacks a predesigned data model, such as social media comments, or one that is not organized in a prearranged man ner, such as tags in a number of documents.Zookeeper: Hadoop-based infrastructure and services that allow cluster-wide synchronization.